Scientists discover double meaning in genetic code

Scientists have discovered a second code hiding within DNA. This second code contains information
that changes how scientists read the instructions contained in DNA and interpret mutations to make sense of health and disease.

Breaking down cancer’s defense mechanisms

A possible new method for treating pancreatic cancer which enables the body’s immune system to attack and kill cancer cells has been developed by researchers.

The method uses a drug which breaks down the protective barrier surrounding pancreatic cancer tumours, enabling cancer-attacking T cells to get through. The drug is used in combination with an antibody that blocks a second target, which improves the activity of these T cells.

Initial tests of the combined treatment, carried out by researchers at the University’s Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, resulted in almost complete elimination of cancer cells in one week. The findings, reported in the journal PNAS, mark the first time this has been achieved in any pancreatic cancer model. In addition to pancreatic cancer, the approach could potentially be used in other types of solid tumour cancers.

Pancreatic cancer is the fifth most common cause of cancer-related death in the UK and the eighth most common worldwide. It affects men and women equally, and is more common in people over the age of 60.

As it has very few symptoms in its early stages, pancreatic cancer is usually only diagnosed once it is relatively advanced, and prognosis is poor: for all stages combined, the one and five-year survival rates are 25% and 26% respectively. Tumour removal is the most effective treatment, but it is suitable for just one in five patients.

Immunotherapy – stimulating the immune system to attack cancer cells – is a promising therapy for several types of solid tumours, but patients with pancreatic cancer have not responded to this approach, perhaps because the human form of the cancer, as in animal models, also creates a protective barrier around itself.

The research, led by Professor Douglas Fearon, determined that this barrier is created by a chemokine protein, CXCL12, which is produced by a specialised kind of connective tissue cell, called a carcinoma-associated fibroblast, or CAF. The CXCL12 protein then coats the cancer cells where it acts as a biological shield that keeps T cells away. The effect of the shield was overcome by using a drug that specifically prevents the T cells from interacting with CXCL12.

     “We observed that T cells were absent from the part of the tumour containing the cancer cells that were coated with chemokine, and the principal source of the chemokine was the CAFs,” said Professor Fearon. “Interestingly, depleting the CAFs from the pancreatic cancer had a similar effect of allowing immune control of the tumour growth.”

The drug used by the researchers was AMD3100, also known as Plerixafor, which blocks CXCR4, the receptor on the T cells for CXCL12, enabling T cells to reach and kill the cancer cells in pancreatic cancer models. When used in combination with anti-PD-L1, an immunotherapeutic antibody which enhances the activation of the T cells, the number of cancer cells and the volume of the tumour were greatly diminished. Following combined treatment for one week, the residual tumour was composed only of premalignant cells and inflammatory cells.

“By enabling the body to use its own defences to attack cancer, this approach has the potential to greatly improve treatment of solid tumours,” said Professor Fearon.

Ancient Mars lake could have supported life, Curiosity rover shows

Minerals identified by Nasa's Curiosity Mars rover suggest lake contained water of low salinity and neutral pH suitable for life

China Landing On The Moon Made History

China made history on Dec. 14, 2013 with the successful landing of its Chang'e 3 lander carrying the Yutu rover. The mission is the first soft-landing on the moon since 1976 and made China only the third country ever perform the lunar feat. 

Scientists Find a Water Rich Body Found Outside Solar System

 Astrophysicists have for the first time found evidence of a water-rich rocky planetary body outside oursolar system in its shattered remains orbiting a white dwarf.
The new study by scientists at the Universities of Warwick and Cambridge, analyzed the dust and debris surrounding the white dwarf star GD 61 170 light-years away. Scientists believe the discovery of the remnants of a rocky world with huge amounts of water is the first time they have found these basic ingredients for life in one place outside the solar system.

Using observations obtained with the Hubble Space Telescope and the large telescopes of the W. M. Keck Observatory, they found an excess of oxygen-a chemical signature that indicates that the debris had once been part of a bigger body originally composed of 26 percent water by mass.

By contrast, only approximately 0.023 percent of the Earth's mass is water.

The researchers suggest it is most likely that the water detected around the white dwarf GD 61 came from a minor planet at least 90 km in diameter but potentially much bigger, that once orbited the parent star before it became a white dwarf. In its former life, GD 61 was a star somewhat bigger than our Sun, and host to a planetary system, researchers said.

vidence for water outside our solar system has previously been found in the atmosphere of gas giants, but this study marks the first time it has been pinpointed in a rocky body, making it of significant interest in our understanding of the formation and evolution ofhabitable planets and life.

We know from our own solar system that the dwarf planet Ceres contains ice buried beneath an outer crust, and the researchers draw a parallel between the two bodies. Scientists believe that bodies like Ceres were the source of the bulk of our own water on Earth.

"The finding of water in a large asteroid means the building blocks of habitable planets existed-and maybe still exist-in the GD 61 system, and likely also around substantial number of similar parent stars," Lead author Jay Farihi, from Cambridge's Institute of Astronomy, said.

The study is published in the journal Science.

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President Mukherjee launches Khaadi Mark to ensure sale of genuine products

With an aim to provide a unique identity to brand ‘Khadi’ in domestic as well as international markets, President Pranab Mukherjee has launched ‘Khadi Mark’, which would indicate the quality and genuineness of a product.

It is a key step to lend Khadi the unique identity it richly deserves.
"This will provide a distinct identity for positioning and brand building in domestic and international textile markets,” Mr. Mukherjee said after the launch here.

What is KHAADI(खादी)?
Khaadi means handspun & handwoven cloth. In 1918 Mahatma Gandhi started his movement for Khadi as relief programme for the poor masses living in India's villages.

In India Khaadi  is not just a cloth, it is a whole movement started by Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi.^[3] The Khadi movement promoted an ideology, an idea that Indians could be self reliant and free from the high priced goods and clothes which the British were selling to them.

Every village shall plant and harvest its own raw-materials for yarn, every woman and man shall engage in spinning and every village shall weave whatever is needed for its own use.
It requires practically no outlay or capital, even an improved spinning wheel can be easily and cheaply made. Gandhi saw it as the end of dependency on foreign materials (symbolizing foreign rule) and thus giving a first lesson or real independence.

He added that the initiative will help to fully realise the growth potential of the khadi sector. The sector is presently pegged at Rs. 1,000 crore in terms of revenues, of which about Rs. 125 crore comes from exports. Additionally, it employs around 10.45 lakh khadi artisans, with nearly seventy per cent being women.

Minister of State (Independent Charge) for Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises K.H. Muniyappa said, “The mark will guarantee pure, genuine khadi, hand-woven, hand spun and natural fibre.” 

Further, Madhav Lal, Secretary in the MSME Ministry, said the Khadi Mark Regulation, 2013, which would come into effect from October 2, make it mandatory for institutions and persons involved in the production and sale of Khadi clothes to use this mark.

A grace period of six months has been given to replace the old items with the new ones (with logos) so that this system can be properly implemented, he added.

Mr. Mukherjee said, “I am confident that the Khadi Mark will prove to be truly beneficial to the customers in buying genuine Khadi and to the producers in improving their living standards. I request all those involved in the production and sale of Khadi to value it and honour the regulation so that we can hold high the glory of Khadi.”

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WE MAY ALL BE MARTAINS: New study claims life originated on MARS

"We may all be Martians!"  said Steven Benner of The Westheimer Institute for Science and Technology in Florida.

The new study claims

REVISED Date Sheet Of B.Pharm Part I & II Under RUHS, Jaipur

Revised Date Sheet of B.pharma Part I & II

भारत देश है मेरा

भारत देश है हमारा,
मुझे जान से है प्यारा,
ध्वज भारत का अपना प्यारा,
तिरंगा ऊचाँ लहराये अपना.

ये उजाड़ वतन हमारा,
ये बर्बाद होता चमन हमारा,
हे! भगवन कुछ ऐसा कर दे,
सब लोग बन जाएँ अच्छें,
नफरत की लू बंद हो जाएँ,
प्यार की चले ठंडी हवाएं,
इसके दुश्मन कुछ न कर पाएं,
भारत फिर से एक हो जाएँ,
देश ये उन्नति करता जाएँ,
दुश्मन मन मसोस के रह जाएँ,
मगर देख के हालात ऐसा हे लगता,
इसपर होने वाला हे दुश्मन का हमला,
कही फिर न बन जायें भारत ग़ुलाम,
और हम सब बेचे जाएँ, कौड़ियों के दाम.

भारत के 67वे स्वतंत्रता दिवस की हार्दिक शुभकामनाये..........
जय हिन्द!!!!!!!

 

 

Daily Current Affairs Quiz 2022

Date Sheet of B.Pharm 1,2,3 Year under RAJASTHAN UNIVERSITY OF HEALTH SCIENCES, Jaipur

Rajasthan University Of Health Sciences, Jaipur

            B. Pharm 1,2,3 year date sheet for Main Exam